Highly Efficient In Vitro Propagation System for Sustainable Use of Vanilla planifolia Andrews Through Biotechnological Methods.
Lee E. Hilda E.*, Córdova C. Ana L.*, Laguna C. Antonio**, Santana B. Nancy***, Murguía G. Joaquín*, Larios R. Pedro H.****, Larios Luz O.****
*Fac. C. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana. Post Code 94500, PO Box 177
Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, México
**Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Campus El Cerrillo Km. 15 Carr. Toluca-Ixtlahuaca,
Toluca, Edo. de México
***Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200
Mérida, Yucatán, México
****Casa Larios: Producción, beneficio y comercialización de vainilla mexicana. Gildardo Muñóz # 401, C.P. 93400, Papantla de Olarte, Veracruz, México
Vanilla planifolia Andrews, (Orchidaceae), the natural source of the flavouring and spice vanilla, is a native plant of México and Central América, and represents an important natural resource with highly economic value due to it’s multiple industrial use.
Even if the quality and special flavour of mexican vanilla is difficult to reach by the rest of the world’s vanilla plantations, unfortunately, it’s comercial production is far from being enough to satisfy the increasing world demand of fresh and cured vines. Moreover, it’s high susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum, and the syntetic vanillin production, caused an important decrease in the comercial value of this crop, which promoted the lost of interest in field production. Fortunately, in contrast with the low competitive money cost, it’s high competitive quality and alimentary innocuity value, has led to increased interest in improved techniques of cultivation and propagation.
Plant biotechnology novel techiques, represent an important alternative to improve crop propagation and production. In the present work, we report the establishment of a highly efficient plant regeneration system through biotechnology techniques by means of tissue culture, which involves the induction of both, organogenesis and embryogenesis process; in the first case, we used various kinds of explants including apical and axillary shoot-tips from healthy Vanilla planifolia Andrews plants growth in Papantla, Veracruz, to facilitate commercial micropropagation and consecuent production of sufficient plant material for commercial field plantations, and as source of high quality explants to induce the production of intact genetic information plant material as somatic embrioids, suitable to be provided with artificial cotyledons to create synthetic seeds as strategy for germplasm conservation and exchange.
Symultaneous somatic embryogenesis ocurring process is reported, using sexual seeds as explants, which cutured in vitro under the influence of various growth regulators are induced to produce embryogenic callus and regenerate somatic embrioids. Moreover, embryogenic callus is now considered to be a useful target material for genetic plant transformation and adquiring resistance to plant pathogen microorganisms.